A bivariate relative poverty line for leisure time and income poverty: Detecting intersectional differences using distributional copulas

Empirical research on poverty today often goes beyond a focus income to consider other dimensions of well-being. However, relatively few multidimensional measures explicitly time-use, despite its particular relevance women's double burden paid and unpaid work. We construct bivariate relative line between leisure, based their joint distribution in the population. Because strength dependence leisure influences vulnerability poverty, we incorporate distributional regression into copula models. Utilizing 2018 Mexican National Survey Households, Income Expenses, investigate differences bidimensional with respect gender ethnicity. find that fraction defined as poor is 18 percent points higher than rate computed from separate time measures. Those below but above absolute are primarily non-indigenous women whose made visible by our approach.